Purification of Tannery Effluent by electrolytic corrosion of aluminium

Tannery Effluent is noxious because tanning process chemicals are preservatives, including chromium, and the pH is high. Electrolytic processing is feasible because the high salt content gives a high electrical conductivity. While research on the subject dates back to early in the 20th Century, commercialization has not occurred, perhaps due to excessive power consumption. Other researchers have produced promising results with rendering plant effluent (Tetrault 2003). During 2005 a specialised proprietary prototype with a novel anode design was trialed extensively at a Tannery site in New Zealand and produced good results during continuous inline operation despite wide variation in the inflow. Greater than 90% removal of chromium from solution with similar reductions in turbidity were achieved at lower operating cost, residual aluminum and total aluminum addition than by dosing with usual commercial aluminum based flocculants. Results from the field trials are shown and discussed

Linear-Time Algorithms for Edge-Based Problems

There is a dearth of algorithms that deal with edge-based problems in trees, specifically algorithms for edge sets that satisfy a particular parameter. The goal of this thesis is to create a methodology for designing algorithms for these edge-based problems. We will present a variant of the Wimer method [Wimer et al. 1985] [Wimer 1987] that can handle edge properties. We call this variant the Wimer edge variant. The thesis is divided into three sections, the first being a chapter devoted to defining and discussing the Wimer edge variant in depth, showing how to develop an algorithm using this variant, and an example of this process, including a run of an algorithm developed using this method. The second section involves algorithms developed using the Wimer edge variant. We will provide algorithms for a variety of edge parameters, including four different matching parameters (connected, disconnected, induced and 2-matching), three different domination parameters (edge, total edge and edge-vertex) and two covering parameters (edge cover and edge cover irredundance). Each of these algorithms are discussed in detail and run in linear time. The third section involves an attempt to characterize the Wimer edge variant. We show how the variant can be applied to three classes of graphs: weighted trees, unicyclic graphs and generalized series-parallel graphs. For each of these classes, we detail what adaptations are required (if any) and design an algorithm, including showing a run on an example graph. The fourth chapter is devoted to a discussion of what qualities a parameter has to have in order to be likely to have a solution using the Wimer edge variant. Also in this chapter we discuss classes of graphs that can utilize the Wimer edge variant. Other topics discussed in this thesis include a literature review, and a discussion of future work. There are plenty of options for future work on this topic, which hopefully this thesis can inspire. The intent of this thesis is to provide the foundation for future algorithms and other work in this area

Genome size variation in deep-sea amphipods

Funding: This work was supported by the HADEEP projects, funded by the Nippon Foundation, Japan (2009765188); the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), UK (NE/E007171/1); Total Foundation, France; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand (CO1_0906); Schmidt Ocean Institute, USA (FK141109) (A.J.J. and S.B.P); Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) (HR09011 and DSSG15) (H.R., A.J.J., S.B.P); and the Leverhulme Trust (S.B.P.). Acknowledgements: We thank the chief scientists, crew and company of the New Zealand RV Kaharoa (KAH1301 and KAH1310) and the United States RV Falkor (Cruise FK141109). From NIWA, we thank Malcolm Clark, Ashley Rowden, Kareen Schnabel, and Sadie Mills for logistical support at the NIWA Invertebrate Collection. We thank NOAA Marine National Monuments, Richard Hall and Eric Breuer for their support and collaboration. We also thank Attila Bebes and the Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre (IFCC) for technical assistance. Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3868216.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Fine-scale monitoring of fish movements and multiple environmental parameters around a decommissioned offshore oil platform : A pilot study in the North Sea

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank OSPAR for providing data for offshore structures in the North Sea, and Imants G. Priede (University of Aberdeen), Stewart Chalmers (University of Aberdeen), John Polanski (University of Aberdeen), Thomas O’Donoghue (University of Aberdeen), and Michelle Horsfield (BP), Anne Walls (BP), Peter Evans (BP), Alwyn Mcleary (BP) and all the crew members of the Miller platform for invaluable advice and support in conducting this research project. This work was coordinated by Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen and supported by the BP Fellowship in Applied Fisheries Programme.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna

The Kermadec and Mariana ‘HADES’ expeditions (RV Thomas G. Thompson TN309, and RV Falkor FK141109) were funded through the National Science Foundation (NSF-OCE nos 1130712 and 1140494) and the Schmidt Ocean Institute. S.B.P. was supported by a Fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust. The analytical costs were supported by the Total Foundation (France) and the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology, Scotland (MASTS) through a Deep Sea Forum small grant award.Peer reviewedPostprin

HOT : Hadal Zones of our Overseas Territories

HOT: Hadal zones of our Overseas Territories is a multi-disciplinary program that will deliver a step-change in our understanding of the fundamental ecological and geological processes in the South Sandwich Trench (SST). The SST reaches water depths of 8266 m ±13m at a location known as Meteor Deep, named after the German research vessel who first sounded it in 1926, and uniquely is the only sub-zero hadal environment on Earth. This Darwin Plus (Round 7) funded project will improve understanding of marine biodiversity and geodiversity to fill an identified knowledge gap supporting the existing Marine Protected Area and obligations under the Convention of Biological Diversity. The South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area (MPA) is one of the largest MPAs on Earth covering >1 million km2 and includes the SST. Predicting trench habitats and their fauna cannot be extrapolated from shallower systems as they exhibit stark ecotones and abrupt changes in geology, making MPA management at depths >6000m at best difficult. The MPA is designed to ensure the protection and conservation of the region’s rich and diverse marine life, whilst allowing sustainable and carefully regulated fisheries. Key outcomes of the 5-year review of the MPA (November 2017) included: a need to enhance bathymetric knowledge around the region; recognition there is a lack of data on the abyssal and hadal ecosystems; that more information is needed on assemblages versus biodiversity, ecosystem processes and function; and general information on how to record long-term change to factors such as climate change. This project will make use of high-resolution bathymetric maps of the South Sandwich Trench acquired using the latest generation full-ocean-depth EM124 by the Five Deeps Expedition (www.fivedeeps.com). These data form a primary dataset for geological and geomorphological analysis and provide the context for research into the biological communities of these deeps. With the newly collected invertebrate samples from the SST, this project will utilise specimens of scavenging amphipods including: new species from the genus Hirondellea, and Bathycallisoma schellenbergi. These species are model species for understanding the historical and present connectivity of the hadal zone and its effects on speciation. The remoteness and uniqueness of the low temperatures and high pressures of the South Sandwich Trench makes these recent findings highly important in resolving ultra-deep sea speciation on a large geographical scale. Geological and geomorphological interpretation and map production was funded by a grant awarded through the Darwin Initiative funded by the UK Government: Hadal Zones of our Overseas Territories (DPLUS093). STEWART, H, JAMIESON, A. 2019. HOT: Hadal zones of our overseas territories. [Poster] In: SAGES ’19 Global Challenges for a Blue Economy: scientific evidence; its relevance; societal solutions, Edinburgh, UK, 27-28th November 2019 (p 74 of abstract booklet). (doc) Poster presentation by H Stewart. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10374.6048